The EPIC-Norfolk Study
Circulating prolactin and in situ breast cancer risk in the European EPIC cohort: a case-control study.
Breast cancer research : BCR 2014 ; 17: 49.
Tikk K, Sookthai D, Fortner RT, Johnson T, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Baglietto L, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Masala G, Krogh V, Tumino R, Ricceri F, Mattiello A, Agudo A, Menéndez V, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Monninkhof EM, Onland-Moret NC, Andresson A, Sund M, Weiderpass E, Khaw KT, Key TJ, Travis RC, Merritt MA, Riboli E, Dossus L, and Kaaks R
DOI : 10.1186/s13058-015-0563-6
PubMed ID : 25887963
PMCID : PMC4413538
URL : https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-015-0563-6
Abstract
The relationship between circulating prolactin and invasive breast cancer has been investigated previously, but the association between prolactin levels and in situ breast cancer risk has received less attention.
We analysed the relationship between pre-diagnostic prolactin levels and the risk of in situ breast cancer overall, and by menopausal status and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) at blood donation. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess this association in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, including 307 in situ breast cancer cases and their matched control subjects.
We found a significant positive association between higher circulating prolactin levels and risk of in situ breast cancer among all women [pre-and postmenopausal combined, ORlog2=1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.76), Ptrend=0.03]. No statistically significant heterogeneity was found between prolactin levels and in situ cancer risk by menopausal status (Phet=0.98) or baseline HT use (Phet=0.20), although the observed association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women using HT compared to non-users (Ptrend=0.06 vs Ptrend=0.35). In subgroup analyses, the observed positive association was strongest in women diagnosed with in situ breast tumors<4 years compared to ≥4 years after blood donation (Ptrend=0.01 vs Ptrend=0.63; Phet=0.04) and among nulliparous women compared to parous women (Ptrend=0.03 vs Ptrend=0.15; Phet=0.07).
Our data extends prior research linking prolactin and invasive breast cancer to the outcome of in situ breast tumours and shows that higher circulating prolactin is associated with increased risk of in situ breast cancer.