The EPIC-Norfolk Study
Plasma phytanic acid concentration and risk of prostate cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010 ; 91: 1769-76.
Price AJ, Allen NE, Appleby PN, Crowe FL, Jenab M, Rinaldi S, Slimani N, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Pischon T, Benetou V, Naska A, Trichopoulou A, Palli D, Sieri S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Donate I, González CA, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Larrañaga N, Khaw KT, Rodwell S, Gallo V, Michaud DS, Riboli E, and Key TJ
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28831
PubMed ID : 20427733
PMCID : PMC5749610
URL : https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/91/6/1769/4597381
Abstract
Phytanic acid, a fatty acid predominantly obtained from foods high in ruminant fat, may have a biological role in the up-regulation of the protein alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer tissue.
This study aimed to examine the association between plasma concentrations of phytanic acid and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.
Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 566 incident prostate cancer cases from Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom were individually matched to 566 controls by study center, age at recruitment, and time of day and duration of fasting at blood collection. Phytanic acid concentrations were measured by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay.
In controls, plasma phytanic acid concentration was strongly correlated with dairy fat intake (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001), varied significantly by country (P for heterogeneity < 0.0001), and decreased with age (P for trend = 0.02) and duration of fasting at blood collection (P for trend = 0.002). There was no significant association of phytanic acid with prostate cancer risk overall (odds ratio for a doubling in concentration: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.21; P for trend = 0.53) or by stage or grade of disease. However, in men who had fasted (>3 h) at blood collection, the odds ratio for prostate cancer was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.60; P for trend = 0.04).
Plasma phytanic acid concentration is significantly associated with intake of dairy fat but not with overall risk of prostate cancer in this European population.