The EPIC-Norfolk Study
Dietary intake of the water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 and C in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009 ; 63 Suppl 4: S122-49.
Olsen A, Halkjaer J, van Gils CH, Buijsse B, Verhagen H, Jenab M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Ericson U, Ocké MC, Peeters PH, Touvier M, Niravong M, Waaseth M, Skeie G, Khaw KT, Travis R, Ferrari P, Sánchez MJ, Agudo A, Overvad K, Linseisen J, Weikert C, Sacerdote C, Evangelista A, Zylis D, Tsiotas K, Manjer J, Van Guelpen B, Riboli E, Slimani N, and Bingham S
DOI : 10.1038/ejcn.2009.78
PubMed ID : 19888270
PMCID :
URL : https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn200978
Abstract
To describe the intake of vitamins thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamine) and C (ascorbic acid) and their food sources among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 persons aged between 35 and 74 years were administered a standardized 24-h dietary recall using a computerized interview software programme (EPIC-SOFT). Intakes of the four B vitamins and vitamin C were estimated using the standardized EPIC Nutrient Database (ENDB). Mean intakes were adjusted for age and weighted by season and day of recall.
Intake of B vitamins did not vary considerably between centres, except in the UK health-conscious cohort, in which substantially higher intakes of thiamine and lower intakes of vitamin B12 were reported compared with other centres. Overall, meat was the most important contributor to the B vitamins in all centres except in the UK health-conscious group. Vitamin C showed a clear geographical gradient, with higher intakes in the southern centres as compared with the northern ones; this was more pronounced in men than in women. Vegetables and fruits were major contributors to vitamin C in all centres, but juices and potatoes were also important sources in the northern centres.
This study showed no major differences across centres in the mean intakes of B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, B6, B12), whereas a tendency towards a north-south gradient was observed for vitamin C.